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Glossary

Broad-based categorical eligibility

A rule that lets states expand SNAP eligibility beyond the usual income and asset limits by connecting it to other assistance programs.

Broad-based categorical eligibility is a state option that can make it easier to qualify for SNAP (the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, formerly food stamps).

With this rule, a state can raise the gross income limit for SNAP and remove the asset test entirely. Instead of the federal limits, eligible households follow the income and asset rules of another program—usually TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families), Medicaid, or LIHEAP (the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program).

For example, a state might say: if you qualify for LIHEAP help paying energy bills, you automatically meet the income test for SNAP, even if your income is above the usual SNAP limit.

Many states use broad-based categorical eligibility. It means the rules vary by state. If you think you might qualify for SNAP but your income seems too high, it's worth applying—the rules where you live may be different.

Programs where this matters

LIHEAPHHS Administration for Children and FamiliesLIHEAP helps households with low income pay heating and cooling bills, and may help in an energy crisis such as a shut-off notice.MedicaidCenters for Medicare & Medicaid ServicesMedicaid is free or low-cost health coverage run by each state with federal funding, for children, adults, pregnant people, older adults and people with disabilities.SNAPUSDA Food and Nutrition ServiceSNAP gives monthly benefits on an EBT card to help households with low income buy food.TANFHHS Administration for Children and FamiliesTANF gives cash help and support services to families with children who have low income. Each state runs its own program.